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''The return to Zion'' (, ''Shivat Tzion'', or שבי ציון, ''Shavei Tzion'', lit. ''Zion returnees'') is a term that refers to the event written in the biblical books of Ezra-Nehemiah in which the Jews returned to the land of Israel from the Babylonian exile following the decree by the Persian emperor Cyrus the Great, the conqueror of the Babylonian empire in 538 BC, also known as ''Cyrus's Declaration''. Although the term was first coined after the destruction of the Second Temple (mentioned in the Song of Degrees ), it was attributed to the event of the return of the Jews from the Babylonian exile to the land of Israel after the destruction of the first temple, following the decree of Cyrus. The biblical meaning of "the return to Zion", '' Aliyah'', was borrowed later from the ancient event and was adopted as the definition of all the immigrations of Jews to the land of Israel and the State of Israel in modern times. The modern ''Aliyah'' began in the midst of the 19th century, to Jaffa, of the followers of Rabbi Judah Bibas and Rabbi Judah Alkalai, known as the '' Herald of Zionism'' (מבשרי הציונות) pioneers of modern Zionism, and up to the rest of the ''Aliyot'' (plural of ''Aliyah'') made after the establishment of the State of Israel. The period between the return to Zion and the modern one consisted of several attempts of small groups to immigrate to the land of Israel, and this period could be roughly divided into two categories: one for the ''Aliyah'' during the Middle Ages and during the period of Renaissance, and the other for the ''Aliyah'' during the modern era (18th century and at the beginning of the 19th century). ==Babylonian exile== The Babylonian empire, under the ruling of Nebuchadnezzar II occupied the Kingdom of Judah between 597–586 BC. The Babylonian army, under the command of Nebuzaradan,〔Jewish Virtual Library, (Nebuzaradan ), Retrieved 3 March 2010〕 also named "chief executioner" (Headsman'' ) by the Bible, had destroyed the first temple in Jerusalem. The king of Judah, Zedekiah, was forced to watch his own two sons being slaughtered, and thereafter, his own eyes were put out and he was exiled to Babylon (2 Kings 25).〔(2 Kings 25 at chabad.org )〕 The population of the middle class and above was also deported alongside king Zedekiah, whereas the kingdom of Judah was left only with the poor ones. The deportees were led by Sheshbazzar, also named the prince of Judah, and ''Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel'' a descendant of king David. Sheshbazzar, who was probably Shenazzar the son of Jeconiah, king of Judah (), was picked by Cyrus to lead the deportees, but Zerubbabel was appointed shortly afterwards as a representative of the Persian Empire in the land of Israel (though some claim Zerubbabel and Sheshbazzar where the same person). A remnant of Jews in Babylon never lost the affinity they had for Jerusalem as well as their faith in salvation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Return to Zion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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